This article says: "Is soap a common substance or a chemical weapon?"for a comprehensive review of the topic. The main goal of the project is to determine the true essence of soap through a scientific analysis of its chemical nature, purification mechanism and effects on the human body. In the theoretical part, it was considered that soap is a salt of fatty acids, that its molecule consists of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, and also removes greasy dirt with the formation of micelles. The specificity of soap's effect on the lipid membrane of microorganisms and the effect of an alkaline environment on the skin were also analyzed.In the experimental part, simple but visual experiments were conducted to determine the properties of soap. In an experiment conducted with pepper and water, it was observed that soap reduces the surface tension of the water, resulting in a particle distribution along the edges. And the process of emulsifying oil by adding a soap solution to a mixture of water and oil was investigated, and it was found that it breaks down into small particles and remains stable in water. The results of the study showed that soap is a chemically active substance, and not just an ordinary household product. It breaks down fat and affects the structure of microorganisms, but it is not a substance aimed at harming humans. Therefore, it is wrong to consider soap as a chemical weapon, but its mechanism of action is based on complex chemical processes.

ABUBEKIROV M.A.

Student, K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Е-mail: abubakirovmyrzabek457@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5685-545X

KARATAYEVA U.A.

PhD, senior lecturer, K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Е-mail: u.karatayeva@zhubanov.edu.kz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-0527

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