The article comprehensively examines the historical and legal role of the biy institution in the formation and development of legal and customary norms in Kazakh society. The authors analyze the place of the biy institution in the socio-political life of the Kazakh people, its activity in regulating legal relations and its contribution to the formation of the traditional legal system. In the course of the study, the features of the biy court, the procedure for resolving disputes, the publicity of the trial, the oratory of biys and the principles of justice are widely described. In addition, it is shown that biys not only performed judicial functions, but also contributed to the improvement of legal norms, maintaining order and unity in society, and strengthening social harmony and peace. The article reveals the connection between traditional laws such as "Kasym Khan's", "Yesim Khan's Old Way", "Zhety Zhargy" and the law-making activity of biys. It is argued that the decisions of biys are recognized as legal precedents and have an impact on the formation of legal consciousness, moral values and principles of responsibility in society. It is also determined that the biy institute was not only a mechanism of legal regulation, but also an important institution for ensuring political governance and social stability.

The research methodology is based on historical-legal, comparative-legal and systematic analysis methods. The authors describe the legal nature and evolution of the biy institute, comprehensively analyzing historical data, traditional law provisions and scientific works related to the biy activities.

Attention is also paid to the importance of the biy council and the aksakal collegium in the modern period in the modernization of the national legal culture, strengthening public harmony and developing mediation practice. The authors emphasize that the historical experience of the biy institute is also relevant in the context of creating a modern legal state, increasing legal culture and improving mechanisms for peaceful dispute resolution. The research results reveal the historical significance of the biy institute in the formation of legal culture in Kazakh society, its value as a legal heritage and its practical and scientific relevance for modern society.

DAYRABAEVA N.K.

Master of legal sciences, head of the department of criminal law disciplines, Atyrau university named after Khalel Dosmukhamedov, Atyrau, Kazakhstan.

E-mail: dairabayeva.n@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-1177

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institute of biys, customary law, court of biys, legal culture, zhety jargi, Kazakh society, legal norms