The article is devoted to the study of the khan’s rule in the 18th century and to the beginning of the transformation of the supreme power of the Steppe after the inclusion of the Younger Horde Kazakhs into the Russian Empire. During the reign of the Kazakh khans Abulkhair and Ablai, there were invasions of the Jungars into the territory of Kazakh Hordes, uprisings of the Bashkirs and their transition to the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as the strengthening of the imperial influence in the Steppe. The article analyzes the role and policy of the Kazakh Chinggisids in this historical period, the influence of political factors on ethnocultural ones, and examines the interpersonal relations of the rulers of the Steppe.

The article focuses on the role of Khan Ablai in protecting the honor of the family of Khan Abulkhair after his death, analyzes the strategy of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire to prevent Ablai from getting closer to theJungars, and then to the Qing Empire, proposals by experts on the Kazakh Steppe P. Rychkov and A. Tevkelev to regulate relations with the Kazakhs of the Middle Horde, and pays attention to the relationship between Ablai and the Jungar ruler after returning from captivity.

LYUBINCHANKOVSKIY S.V.

doctor of historical sciences, professor, leading researcher, Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

E-mail: svlubich@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-1359

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«altyn urug», Abulkhair khan, Abylai khan, bashkirs revolt, Collegium of Foreign Affairs, Russian Empire, Jungarian khanate