This article provides a systematic analysis of global models for regulating artificial intelligence (AI) and determines the place of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the international legal system. The study covers the regulatory experience of the European Union (EU AI Act, 2024), the United States (executive orders of 2025–2026), China (measures on generative AI, 2023; labelling regulations, 2025), the United Kingdom (principles-based approach, 2023–2026), as well as the relevant legislation of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as Central Asian states. The scientific novelty lies in the systematisation of five global AI regulatory models and the first international legal substantiation of Kazakhstan’s position among these models. Comparative-legal, systemic-structural, and historical-legal research methods were employed. As a result, it is demonstrated that Kazakhstan has adopted a «special law» model and established itself as a regional leader in line with EU practice. The compliance of Kazakhstan’s Law «On Artificial Intelligence» (2025) and the Digital Code (2026) with international standards is examined. The findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for improving legislation, expanding international legal cooperation, and harmonising regulatory standards in Central Asia. The article identifies five core global regulatory models (EU risk-based, US innovation-deregulatory, Chinese state-control, UK principles-based, and Central Asian integrative) and assesses Kazakhstan’s regional and international contribution to the development of digital legislation.

BEKBAUOVA A.A.

Master of law, senior lecturer, K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: bekbauova@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1169-588X

BISEMBIEV T.SH.

Master of law, senior lecturer, K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: tbissembiev@zhubanov.edu.kz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-0587

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artificial intelligence, Central Asia, comparative jurisprudence, data protection, Digital Code, digital legislation, EU AI Act, global regulatory models, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan