Kazakhstan belongs to the category of countries with the large lack of water resources. Currently,
rivers, which are the main source of fresh water, are intensively polluted by industry, urban household waste and pose a
real environmental trouble. The problem of transboundary water resources for Kazakhstan in modern conditions is of
particular importance. Kazakhstan has a lot of rivers located on the border with Russia, China and Kyrgyzstan. In the
Soviet Union, there were no problems between these countries regarding the rational use of watercourses that were
common at that time. But after the collapse of the USSR, the countries had to solve this problem, and thanks to a
constructive dialogue, they nevertheless came to an agreement. But, despite this, problems in the use of transboundary
rivers still arise. Sometimes transboundary rivers are used as a lever of pressure on other states. This can be especially
noticed during a crisis, which can lead to the destruction of river ecosystems, which will negatively affect the economy
and ecology in general. For Kazakhstan, the preservation of aquatic ecosystems and the provision of water to the
population is one of the most important tasks, because at present the lack of water remains one of the key problems.
This article provides an overview of the main problem in this direction.