The article discusses the semantic features of the microtoponyms of the Khromtau district. Emphasis is placed on linguistic, cultural and historical aspects. Particular attention is paid to the classification of microtoponyms by the method of formation (from personal names, geographical objects, occupation, mythology and historical events), as well as by their linguistic affiliation. The basis of the microtoponymy of the district is made up of names derived from geographical features (85.9%) and mainly of Kazakh origin (253 out of 285). An analysis of microtoponyms derived from personal names is presented, with examples reflecting the cultural and historical realities of the region. The classification of microtoponyms based on landscape features, flora, fauna, shape, color, quantity and properties of objects is substantiated, allowing for a deeper understanding of their semantic load and significance for the local population. The data obtained are valuable not only for linguistics, but also for geographic information systems, historical and cultural research and the preservation of local identity. In addition, the research materials can be used for educational purposes, in the development of maps and reference books, as well as in ethnolinguistic projects. The analysis reveals stable naming traditions reflecting the mentality, worldview and social structure of the region's population, as well as the dynamics of linguistic processes in the toponymic landscape.

KURMANOVA B.ZH.

Doctor of pedagogical sciences, candidate of philological sciences, docent, Aktobe Regional University named after K. Zhubanov, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: baktigul_2001@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-215X

EVTYUGINA A.A.

Doctor of pedagogical sciences, candidate of philological sciences, professor, Ural State Pedagogical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

E-mail: alena.seven@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-7661

SHAKABAEVA S.

Master’s degree, teacher, No. 1 of the KMM gymnasium school, Kazakhstan, Shalkar

E-mail: ms.shakabaeva@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3793-5242

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microtoponyms, classification, semantics of microtoponyms, structure of microtoponyms, structural and semantic analysis