This article examines microbial fertilizers and their impact on soil fertility and crop growth based on the endemic factor principle. The soils of the Arkhangelsk region can be classified as chestnut soils with a thin humus layer, low mineralization, compact texture, and medium water capacity. Under exploitation, they are prone to rapid degradation and loss of all nutritional properties, followed by erosion. Erosion can be halted and prevented through proper agricultural practices, including proper tillage, crop rotation, and fertilization. Special attention should be paid to soil microflora, a complex, multifaceted, and dynamic natural system of microorganisms capable of fixing nitrogen, mobilizing phosphorus and potassium, improving soil water retention, and protecting plants from pests, viral, and bacterial pathogens. This soil stimulates growth and development of the vegetative part of the soil, and increases crop yields. Soil microorganisms are diverse and easy to use, unique, specific, environmentally friendly, and harmless, and therefore hold potential for developing the agricultural industry, biologization, restoration, and strengthening natural symbiotic relationships in ecosystems. Particularly promising are nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living bacteria (Azotobacter, Clostridium), symbiotic nodule bacteria (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium), and associative forms (Azospirillum). They are capable of absorbing atmospheric nitrogen (N2), one of the main macronutrients in plant nutrition.

KAZKEEV E.T.

Candidate of biological sciences, docent, K. Zhubanov Аktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: kazkeev@internet.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-1286

MOLDEKOVA I.ZH.

Master of science, senior lecturer, K. Zhubanov Аktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: imoldekova@zhubanov.edu.kz, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5431-7896

MANSUROVA A.M.

6B01505- Biology 4th year student, K. Zhubanov Аktobe regional university, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

E-mail: irinamol1234@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8721-0096

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microbial fertilizers, biofertilizers, nitrogen fixation, soil microorganiosms, azotobacter, clostridium, pseudomonas, aspergillus